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| capital = | era = World War I | event_end = Disestablished | footnotes = }} The Allies of World War I, also known as the Entente Powers, were the countries that opposed the Central Powers during the First World War. The members of the original Entente Alliance of 1907 were the French Republic, the British Empire and the Russian Empire; Italy ended its alliance with the Central Powers and entered the war on the side of the Entente in 1915. Japan was another important member. Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Montenegro, and Romania〔Karel Schelle, (The First World War and the Paris Peace Agreement ), GRIN Verlag, 2009, p. 24〕 were secondary members of the Entente.〔(First World War.com – Feature Articles – The Causes of World War One )〕 The 1920 Treaty of Sèvres defines as the Principal Allied Powers: British Empire, French Republic, Italy and Japan. The Allied Powers comprised – together with the Principal Allied Powers – Armenia, Belgium, Greece, Hejaz, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serb-Croat-Slovene state and Czechoslovakia.〔(''The Treaty of Sèvres, 1920'' )〕 The United States of America declared war on Germany in 1917 on the grounds that Germany had violated U.S. neutrality by attacking international shipping and because of the Zimmermann Telegram sent to Mexico.〔(US Declaration of War )〕 The U.S. entered the war as an "associated power", rather than as a formal ally of France and the United Kingdom, in order to avoid "foreign entanglements".〔Tucker&Roberts pp. 1232, 1264〕 Although the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria severed relations with the United States, neither declared war on her.〔Tucker&Roberts p. 1559〕 Although the Dominions and Crown Colonies of the British Empire made significant contributions to the Allied war effort, they did not have independent foreign policies during World War I. The five-member British War Cabinet (BWC) exercised operational control of British Empire forces. However, the Dominion governments controlled recruiting, and did remove personnel from front-line duties as they saw fit. From early 1917 the BWC was superseded by the Imperial War Cabinet, which had Dominion representation. The Australian Corps and Canadian Corps were placed for the first time under the command of Australian and Canadian Lieutenant Generals John Monash and Arthur Currie,〔Perry (2004), p.xiii〕 respectively, who reported in turn to British generals. In April 1918 operational control of all Entente forces on the Western Front passed to the new supreme commander, Ferdinand Foch. ==History== The original alliance opposed to the Central Powers was the Triple Entente, which was formed by three Great European Powers: * * French Republic * The war began with the Austrian attack invasion of Serbia on 28 July 1914, in response to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The Austrian Empire followed with an attack on the Serbian ally Montenegro on 8 August. On the Western Front, the two neutral States of Belgium and Luxembourg were immediately occupied by German troops as part of the German Schlieffen Plan. Of the two Low Countries involved in the war, Luxembourg chose to capitulate, and was viewed as a collaborationist state by the Entente powers: Luxembourg never became part of the Allies, and only narrowly avoided Belgium's efforts of annexation, at the conclusion of hostilities in 1919. On 23 August Japan joined the Entente, which then counted seven members. . The entrance of the British Empire brought Nepal into the war. On 23 May 1915, Italy entered the war on the Entente side and declared war on Austria; previously, Italy had been a member of the Triple Alliance but had remained neutral since the beginning of the conflict. In 1916, Montenegro capitulated and left the Entente, and two nations joined, Portugal and Romania. On 6 April 1917 the United States and its American allies entered the war. Liberia, Siam and Greece also became allies. After the October Revolution, Russia left the alliance and ended formal involvement in the war, by the signing of the treaty of Brest Litovsk in November effectively creating a separate peace with the Central Powers. This was followed by Romanian cessation of hostilities, however the Balkan State declared war on Central Powers again on 10 November 1918. The Russian withdrawal allowed for the final structure of the alliance, which was based on five Great Powers: * French Republic * * * * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Allies of World War I」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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